[COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE SPECIES COMPOSITION AND SENSITIVITY OF MICROFLORA IN PATIENTS WITH ODONTOGENIC MAXILLARY SINUSITIS].

Objective - to study the species composition of microflora and its sensitivity in patients with odontogenic maxillary sinusitis. The study included 230 patients of both sexes aged 18 to 70 years, who were treated at the Moscow Regional Scientifics Research and Clinical Institute named after M. F. Vladimirsky with a diagnosis of Odontogenic maxillary sinusitis. Of these, there were 155 patients with odontogenic sinusitis, complicated by perforation of the maxillary sinus and the presence of an oro-antral fistula, and 75 patients with maxillary aspergillosis. All patients underwent microbiological examination of smears and flushes from the maxillary sinus cavity with the determination of the species composition and antibiotic sensitivity. In the majority of the patients with perforative forms of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis, coccal flora (streptococci and various species) was detected, in a smaller number compared to it - facultative and obligate anaerobes, pathogenic fungi (Candida). A comparative analysis of the microflora, depending on the duration of the maxillary sinus perforation, showed that the rhinogenic microorganisms (Moraxella spp.) were found only in intraoperative perforations (up to 20% of cases). The presence of obligate anaerobes (Fusobacterium spp. Bacteroides spp.) was typical for long-existing perforations. In patients with maxillary aspergillosis facultative and obligate anaerobes were found less frequently and in a smaller variety than in patients with perforative maxillary sinusitis. There were no cases of sinus contamination by pathogenic fungi of the genus Candida in this group. At the same time, rhinogenic microgranisms (Moraxella spp.) were detected with a higher frequency (up to 27.3%) in this group of patients.

[Kinetics of immunoglobulin G transport through the multi-layer epithelial-hematic barrier of the respiratory tract]. / Kinetika transporta immunoglobulina G cherez mnogosloinyi épitelial'no-gematicheskii bar'er dykhatel'nykh putei.

A new class of drugs is now utilized for in vivo diagnoses and therapy of many widespread diseases. In these pharmacological and diagnostic preparations the active substance is conjugated with a vector which transports the drug to specific biological targets. Monoclonal antibodies are the most commonly used vectors: estimation of their permeability through multilayer and unilayer biomembranes is an important step in the analysis of efficiency of vector drugs. Experiments with Sprague-Dawley rats (mature females weighing 500 to 160 g) have demonstrated the ability of immunoglobulins G to penetrate through the respiratory epithelial-hematic barrier. Using solid phase ELISA, it was found that 5-25% of the total amount of mouse antiinsulin immunoglobulins G1 injected into the trachea under hexenal anesthesia can penetrate into the blood plasma. Accumulation of antibodies in the blood begins 4 hours and ceases 32 hours after the drug application in a dose of 400 micrograms. The kinetics of transmembrane transport is described by an S-like saturation function: C(t) = Cmax/(1+e-(at-b]. Penetration of monoclonal antibodies into the blood is accompanied by their distribution in the organs and tissues as well as by their clearance from the blood plasma. The clearance of monoclonal antibodies is characterized by a 24 hour half-life and is described by an exponential equation: C(t) = C0 x exp-kt. An algorithm for the interaction of these processes which should be taken into account during measurements of the transport of monoclonal antibodies and their complexes through biomembranes is proposed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[Study of the affinity characteristics of monoclonal antibodies by solid-phase immunoenzyme analysis]. / Issledovanie affinnykh kharakteristik monoklonal'nykh antitel v metode tverdofaznogo immunofermentnogo analiza.

An approach is proposed for measuring the binding constant (Kb) for monoclonal antibodies (MA) interacting with an immobilized antigen in indirect ELISA. This approach allows the measurement of optical density (A405) in the peroxidase reaction initiated by the conjugate at different concentrations (C0) of antibodies. Using the Scatchard plots, the dependence of A405/C0 = f (A405) for the whole range of MA concentrations was examined, and the tangential of the slope (tg alpha = Kb) of the linear portion of the antigen molecule was calculated. Analysis of MA affinity parameters by using this approach may find wide use in immunodiagnostic studies aimed at measuring antigen and antibody concentrations in biological fluids as well as for estimating the efficiency of vector drugs in which the diagnostic or therapeutic component is conjugated with the vector (MA or F(ab) fragment) responsible for the drug transport to target cells. The method proposed was used for testing mouse (BALB/C) monoclonal antibodies (IgG1) to pig insulin produced by various hybridomas as well as for estimating the effect on MA of pH, temperature and hydrophobization. The minimal detectable concentration (method sensitivity) was found to depend on Kb.

[Phenocopying action of ether on mn d/SM5-strain Drosophila embryos]. / Fenokopiruiushchee deistvie éfira na émbrionov drozofily linii mn d/SM5.

Lower sensitivity of the mn d/SM5 strain flies to methyl ether as against the Canton-S flies is established as regarded to induction of bithorax (bx) phenocopies. It is shown that there are no considerable differences in frequencies of bx-phenocopies, abdomen anomalies and ether-induced embryo death between mn d/mn d and mn d/SM5 individuals. It indicates that these parameters are determined by the genotype of the strain on the whole rather than by mn, d, SM5 mutations. Phenocopies of lethal mutations of the pair-rule, Notch, Abnormal abdomen type are established to arise in embryos of both studied strains. In addition disturbances of two other classes are observed among dead embryos of the mn d/SM5 strain. One of them is probably characteristic of SM5/SM5 individuals, the other is phenocopies of mutations disturbing the segment polarity.